Essential vocabulary for CVs, applications, interviews, vacancies, qualifications and career development.
Topic level: B1 – C1 · Category: Work & Communication
Whether you are applying for your first role or changing careers, these expressions help you discuss recruitment and professional experience accurately.
| Word / Phrase | Meaning |
|---|---|
| vacancy | an available job |
| applicant | a person who applies for a job |
| candidate | a person being considered for a position |
| job description | a document explaining a role and its responsibilities |
| qualification | an exam result, certificate or skill showing suitability |
| relevant experience | previous experience connected to the role |
| to apply for | to formally request to be considered for a job |
| to shortlist | to select a smaller group of the strongest candidates |
| interview panel | the group of people conducting an interview |
| probation period | an initial period when a new employee's suitability is assessed |
| career progression | development towards greater responsibility or seniority |
| transferable skills | skills useful across different jobs or industries |
| Phrase | Example |
|---|---|
| meet the requirements | She meets all the requirements in the job description. |
| submit an application | Applications must be submitted by Friday. |
| gain experience | Volunteering helped him gain relevant experience. |
| make the shortlist | Only six candidates made the shortlist. |
| ❌ Incorrect | ✅ Correct | Why |
|---|---|---|
| I applied to a job yesterday. | I applied for a job yesterday. | Apply for a job; apply to a company or organisation. |
Without looking back, define three words from this topic and use two collocations in your own sentences. Then explain the topic for 60 seconds using at least five target expressions.
For Cambridge, IELTS and general speaking practice, avoid memorising isolated words. Use the vocabulary to develop an opinion, give an example, compare situations and explain a consequence. Aim to use two or three strong collocations naturally rather than forcing every new word into one answer.
An applicant applies for a role. Candidate often refers to someone being actively considered, especially after initial screening.
Yes. 'CV' is standard in British English; 'résumé' is more common in American English.
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