Vocabulary Hub · C1–C2

Cause & Effect: English Vocabulary

Learn cause & effect vocabulary in British English: 10 useful words and phrases, definitions, natural examples, collocations and a quick practice quiz.

How to use this lesson: read each item aloud, notice the collocation, cover the definition and retrieve the word from memory. Then use at least three items in your own sentences.

10 useful words and phrases

C1–C2

stress

Extra force given to a syllable or word when speaking.

Example: Word stress can change how natural you sound.

Natural collocation: word stress

C1–C2

collocation

Words that commonly occur together.

Example: “Make a decision” is a common collocation.

Natural collocation: natural collocation

C1–C2

formal

Appropriate for serious or professional situations.

Example: This expression is quite formal.

Natural collocation: formal language

C1–C2

informal

Relaxed and suitable for everyday situations.

Example: That phrase is more informal.

Natural collocation: informal expression

C1–C2

synonym

A word with the same or a similar meaning.

Example: “Large” is a synonym of “big”.

Natural collocation: close synonym

C1–C2

antonym

A word with the opposite meaning.

Example: “Cheap” is an antonym of “expensive”.

Natural collocation: common antonym

C1–C2

expression

A word or group of words used in a particular way.

Example: It is a useful everyday expression.

Natural collocation: fixed expression

C1–C2

fluency

The ability to speak smoothly and easily.

Example: Regular practice helps build fluency.

Natural collocation: speaking fluency

C1–C2

accurate

Correct and without mistakes.

Example: Try to be accurate before you try to speak faster.

Natural collocation: grammatically accurate

C1–C2

natural

Typical of how fluent speakers use the language.

Example: This version sounds more natural.

Natural collocation: sound natural

Quick vocabulary check

  1. 1. Which word means “extra force given to a syllable or word when speaking”?
    stress
  2. 2. Which word means “words that commonly occur together”?
    collocation
  3. 3. Which word means “appropriate for serious or professional situations”?
    formal
  4. 4. Which word means “relaxed and suitable for everyday situations”?
    informal
  5. 5. Which word means “a word with the same or a similar meaning”?
    synonym

Make the vocabulary active

Choose five items above and make them personal. Say one true sentence about your life, work, studies or experience for each item. For stronger recall, return tomorrow and try to reproduce the collocations without looking.

Turn practice into real progress

Want personalised feedback and faster progress? Work directly with ELS on the English you need for everyday life, work, exams or interviews.

One-to-One English · Online English Lessons · SELT Preparation · Interview English